> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://dev2ero.gitbook.io/notes-cs/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://dev2ero.gitbook.io/notes-cs/software/zi-dong-hua/bash.md).

# bash

## How-to: Bash Keyboard Shortcuts

### Moving the cursor:

```
  Ctrl + a   Go to the beginning of the line (Home)
  Ctrl + e   Go to the End of the line (End)
  Ctrl + p   Previous command (Up arrow)
  Ctrl + n   Next command (Down arrow)
   Alt + b   Back (left) one word
   Alt + f   Forward (right) one word
  Ctrl + f   Forward one character
  Ctrl + b   Backward one character
  Ctrl + xx  Toggle between the start of line and current cursor position
```

### Editing:

```
 Ctrl + L   Clear the Screen, similar to the clear command

  Alt + Del Delete the Word before the cursor.
  Alt + d   Delete the Word after the cursor.
 Ctrl + d   Delete character under the cursor
 Ctrl + h   Delete character before the cursor (Backspace)

 Ctrl + w   Cut the Word before the cursor to the clipboard.
 Ctrl + k   Cut the Line after the cursor to the clipboard.
 Ctrl + u   Cut/delete the Line before the cursor to the clipboard.

  Alt + t   Swap current word with previous
 Ctrl + t   Swap the last two characters before the cursor (typo).
 Esc  + t   Swap the last two words before the cursor.

 ctrl + y   Paste the last thing to be cut (yank)
  Alt + u   UPPER capitalize every character from the cursor to the end of the current word.
  Alt + l   Lower the case of every character from the cursor to the end of the current word.
  Alt + c   Capitalize the character under the cursor and move to the end of the word.
  Alt + r   Cancel the changes and put back the line as it was in the history (revert).
 ctrl + _   Undo
 
 TAB        Tab completion for file/directory names
```

> For example, to move to a directory 'sample1'; Type cd sam ; then press TAB and ENTER.\
> type just enough characters to uniquely identify the directory you wish to open.

### Special keys: Tab, Backspace, Enter, Esc

> Text Terminals send characters (bytes), not key strokes.\
> Special keys such as Tab, Backspace, Enter and Esc are encoded as control characters.\
> Control characters are not printable, they display in the terminal as ^ and are intended to have an effect on applications.\
> \
> Ctrl+I = Tab\
> Ctrl+J = Newline\
> Ctrl+M = Enter\
> Ctrl+\[ = Escape
>
> Many terminals will also send control characters for keys in the digit row:\
> Ctrl+2 → ^@\
> Ctrl+3 → ^\[ Escape\
> Ctrl+4 → ^\\\
> Ctrl+5 → ^]\
> Ctrl+6 → ^^\
> Ctrl+7 → ^\_ Undo\
> Ctrl+8 → ^? Backward-delete-char
>
> Ctrl+v tells the terminal to not interpret the following character, so Ctrl+v Ctrl-I will display a tab character,\
> similarly Ctrl+v ENTER will display the escape sequence for the Enter key: ^M

### History:

```
  Ctrl + r   Recall the last command including the specified character(s).
             searches the command history as you type.
             Equivalent to : vim ~/.bash_history. 
  Ctrl + p   Previous command in history (i.e. walk back through the command history).
  Ctrl + n   Next command in history (i.e. walk forward through the command history).

  Ctrl + s   Go back to the next most recent command.
             (beware to not execute it from a terminal because this will also launch its XOFF).
  Ctrl + o   Execute the command found via Ctrl+r or Ctrl+s
  Ctrl + g   Escape from history searching mode
        !!   Repeat last command
       !n    Repeat from the last command: args n e.g. !:2 for the second argumant.
       !n:m  Repeat from the last command: args from n to m. e.g. !:2-3 for the second and third.
       !n:$  Repeat from the last command: args n to the last argument.
       !n:p  Print last command starting with n
     !string Print the last command beginning with string.
       !:q   Quote the last command with proper Bash escaping applied.
              Tip: enter a line of Bash starting with a # comment, then run !:q on the next line to escape it.
        !$   Last argument of previous command.
   ALT + .   Last argument of previous command.
        !*   All arguments of previous command.
^abc­^­def   Run previous command, replacing abc with def
```

### Process control:

```
 Ctrl + C   Interrupt/Kill whatever you are running (SIGINT).
 Ctrl + l   Clear the screen.
 Ctrl + s   Stop output to the screen (for long running verbose commands).
            Then use PgUp/PgDn for navigation.
 Ctrl + q   Allow output to the screen (if previously stopped using command above).
 Ctrl + D   Send an EOF marker, unless disabled by an option, this will close the current shell (EXIT).
 Ctrl + Z   Send the signal SIGTSTP to the current task, which suspends it.
            To return to it later enter fg 'process name' (foreground).
```

<https://ss64.com/bash/syntax-keyboard.html#:~:text=Ctrl%20%2B%20q%20Allow%20output%20to,current%20task%2C%20which%20suspends%20it.>